Action operators define the type of calculation you want to perform on the formula elements. In formulas, operators link arguments (for example, cell references or constants).
Arithmetic operators
Used to perform basic mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) on numeric values, as well as on data in Date and Time format. If one of the operands is not a number, the result of the operation will contain the #NAME? error.
Operator |
Value |
Example |
Result |
|---|---|---|---|
+ |
Addition |
=6 + 7 |
13 |
- |
Subtraction (Negation) |
=B12-B3 -45 |
Depends on cell values |
* |
Multiplication |
=86 * 34 |
2924 |
/ |
Division |
=36 / 3 |
12 |
^ |
Elevation |
=D8 ^ 2 |
Square the value in D8 |
% |
Percentage (fraction calculation) |
76% |
0,76 |
How to extract a root
To extract the root of the Nth degree, use the degree operator ^. For example:
–Square root: =36^(1/2) (result: 6)
–Cube root: =8^(1/3) (result: 2)
Combine operator
Used to combine multiple text strings into a single text string.
Operator |
Value |
Example |
Result |
|---|---|---|---|
& |
Concatenation |
="My" & "Office" =A2 & " " & A3 |
"MyOffice" Combines A2, space and A3 |
Comparison operators
Used to compare two values (numbers, dates, text). The result is always a logical value: True or False.
Operator |
Value |
Example |
Result |
|---|---|---|---|
= |
Equals |
=6 = 6 |
TRUTH |
> |
More |
=9 > 17 |
FALSE |
< |
Less |
=A2 < C3 |
Depends on cell values |
>= |
Greater than or equal to |
=0 >= 6 |
FALSE |
<= |
Less than or equal to |
=P12 <= 7 |
Depends on the value of P12 |
<> |
Not equal |
=3 <> 4 |
TRUE |
Reference operators
Used to work with ranges of cells on the current sheet or other sheets.
Operator |
Value |
Example |
|---|---|---|
: (colon) |
Range operator. It is placed between the first and the last cell of the block. |
B1:D7 — reference to all cells from B1 to D7. |
'sheet_name'! |
A reference to another sheet. Creates a reference to a cell or range on the specified sheet in the current book. |
=SUM(B2 + 'Sheet2'!B2) — adds the value of B2 from 'Sheet2' to the B2 value of the current sheet. |
Tip: when entering formulas with ranges, select cells with the mouse — this will help avoid errors in manual address entry.